What is the function of drainage fields in septic systems?

The function of drainage fields in septic systems is primarily to disperse effluent into the soil. This process involves the treatment of partially treated wastewater as it permeates through the soil layers, allowing natural filtration and breakdown of organic materials by microorganisms present in the soil. The drainage field, or leach field, is designed to provide sufficient area and depth for effluent to infiltrate without causing surface flooding or contamination of groundwater.

By evenly distributing effluent, the drainage field helps maintain a balanced flow, reducing the risk of soil saturation and promoting effective treatment. The natural processes occurring in the soil improve the quality of the effluent before it reaches the groundwater, ensuring that harmful contaminants are minimized.