In drainage systems, what can improper grades lead to?

Improper grades in drainage systems can significantly impact their performance by leading to blockages and flooding. The grade, or slope, of a drainage system is crucial because it determines how effectively wastewater and stormwater flow through the pipes. If the grade is too steep, it can cause excessive velocity, potentially leading to erosion within the system. Conversely, if the grade is too flat, the flow may not be sufficient to prevent solids from settling, leading to blockages.

When blockages occur, water cannot flow as intended, which can result in backups within the drainage system. These backups can manifest as flooding, which can damage property and lead to health hazards due to stagnant water. Therefore, maintaining proper grades in drainage systems is essential to ensure they function efficiently and effectively, preventing blockages and mitigating the risk of flooding.